Television Programme Formats

Published by Emil Abraham,


A television program refers to a segment of content specifically created for broadcast on television, excluding commercials, trailers, or other segments that do not serve as attractions for viewership. It can exist as a standalone production or as a series of related productions. Television programs can be recorded and stored on various electronic media forms, such as video tape or digital formats, or they can be presented in real-time as live television broadcasts.
Television programming offers a vast array of genres and formats, catering to a diverse range of audience interests and preferences. These programs can be broadly classified into two categories: fictional and non-fictional. Fictional programs are based on stories, plays, novels, or other fictional works, while non-fictional programs present reality-based content without any fictional elements. In this article, we will explore the types/genres of programs that fall under both fictional and non-fictional categories, highlighting notable examples from both international and Indian contexts.
Fictional Programs:
  • Soap Operas: Soap operas are serialized fictional dramas that follow the lives of a set of characters over an extended period. They often revolve around personal relationships, family dynamics, and dramatic plotlines. Examples of popular international soap operas include "Days of Our Lives" and "The Young and the Restless." In India, soap operas like "Kasautii Zindagii Kay" and "Yeh Rishta Kya Kehlata Hai" have gained immense popularity. The first Indian television soap opera was "Hum Log", which first aired in 1984 and concluded after the 154th episode. It was the longest-running serial in the history of Indian television at the time at which it ended.
  • Epic Serials: Epic serials are a type of television program that focuses on Indian history, folklore, and epic genre. These programs are usually fictional and are based on Indian mythology, history, or culture. Epic TV is an Indian television channel that airs action, drama, comedy, and narrative non-fiction and fictional programming with a focus on Indian history, folklore, and epic genre. Some of the popular epic serials in India are Mahabharat, Ramayan, Chanakya, Buddha, Chakravartin Ashoka Samrat, and Peshwa Bajirao. These shows are based on Indian history, mythology, and culture and are popular among viewers who are interested in learning more about India's rich cultural heritage
  • Sitcom: A sitcom, or a situation comedy, is a type of television program that revolves around a fixed set of characters who carry over from episode to episode. Sitcoms are typically centered on humorous situations and often feature fictional characters. Examples include Sarabhai vs Sarabhai, Yeh Jo Hai Zindagi, Friends, The Big Bang Theory, and Brooklyn Nine-Nine.
  • Telefilms: Telefilms are a type of television program that is longer than a regular TV episode but shorter than a feature film. They are usually standalone stories that are produced for television and are not part of a regular series. Telefilms are often used to showcase new talent in the film industry and are a popular form of entertainment in India.Telefilms are typically produced on a smaller budget than feature films, but they can still be high-quality productions with talented actors and directors. They are often used as a way to experiment with new ideas and concepts, and to explore different genres and themes. Telefilms can be produced in a variety of genres, including drama, romance, comedy, and mystery. Examples: Zindagi Gulzar Hai, The Lunchbox, The Blue Umbrella
    Telefilms by Doordarshan often reflect the cultural, social, and historical aspects of India. They address relevant issues, promote social awareness, and highlight the rich cultural heritage of the country. (Sankalp, Amit Smriti)
  • Science Fiction Series: A TV show that is set in the future or in a different world and involves advanced technology or other-worldly creatures. Examples include Star Trek, Doctor Who, and The Expanse.

Non-Fictional Programs:
  • News Bulletins: News bulletins provide up-to-date information on current events, covering local, national, and international news. They deliver news reports, interviews, and analyses. Examples include "BBC World News" and "CNN Newsroom."
  • Reality Shows: Reality shows are non-scripted programs that feature real people or celebrities in unscripted situations. They often involve competitions, challenges, or social experiments. Examples include "Survivor," where contestants battle for survival in challenging environments, and "Keeping Up with the Kardashians," which provides a glimpse into the lives of the Kardashian-Jenner family. Examples from India include, Kaun Banega Crorepati, Indian Idol and Bigg Boss.
  • Youth Programs: Youth programs cater to the interests and issues relevant to young viewers. They often address topics such as relationships, education, career, and personal growth. Examples include international shows like "Degrassi: The Next Generation" and Indian shows like "MTV Roadies" and "Splitsvilla."
  • Game Shows: Game shows are programs that involve contestants participating in various games, quizzes, or challenges to win prizes. Examples include "Jeopardy!" and "Who Wants to Be a Millionaire?" In India, game shows like "Kaun Banega Crorepati" and "Bigg Boss" have garnered a significant following.
  • News-based Programs: These programs focus on specific news topics or themes, offering in-depth coverage, analysis, and discussions. Examples include international shows like "60 Minutes" and Indian shows like "India Today" and "The Debate with Arnab Goswami."
  • Historical Series: A TV show that is based on historical events or figures. Examples include The Crown, Vikings, and Rome.
  • Interviews: Interview-based programs feature conversations with notable individuals, including celebrities, experts, and newsmakers. Examples include "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" and "Koffee with Karan" in India.
  • News Magazines: News magazines provide comprehensive coverage of current events through investigative reporting, documentaries, and interviews. Examples include international shows like "Dateline NBC" and Indian shows like "India Today Conclave."
  • Travelogues: Travelogue programs feature hosts exploring different destinations, providing insights into local culture, attractions, and experiences. Examples include international shows like "Anthony Bourdain: Parts Unknown" and Indian shows like "Highway On My Plate" and "Nat Geo's Mega Icons."
  • Documentaries: Documentaries present factual information on various subjects, including history, science, nature, and social issues. Examples include international documentaries like "Planet Earth" and Indian documentaries like "India's Daughter."
    • The Indian documentary, "The Elephant Whisperers", directed by Kartiki Gonsalves and produced by Guneet Monga, won the Best Documentary Short film at the 95th Academy Awards, making it the first Indian documentary to win an Oscar. The documentary tells the story of an indigenous couple named Bomman and Bellie as they care for an orphaned baby elephant. It explores the precious bond between the animal and his caretakers.
  • Live Shows: Live shows, such as award ceremonies, music concerts, or talk shows, are broadcasted in real-time, engaging viewers with live performances, discussions, or events. Examples include "The Oscars" and "MTV Unplugged."

Television programming offers a rich tapestry of fictional and non-fictional content, catering to diverse audience interests. Fictional programs like soap operas, reality shows, and game shows entertain and engage viewers with compelling narratives and intriguing competitions. Non-fictional programs such as news bulletins, interviews, and documentaries provide informative and thought-provoking content. Notable examples like "Days of Our Lives," "Survivor," "Jeopardy!," "BBC World News," and "60 Minutes" demonstrate the breadth and variety of television programming across genres and cultures.